Nasal irrigation with saline solution, as a gentle nasal care method, has been widely used in otolaryngology clinics and home health management in recent years. Its core principle lies in using a 0.9% sodium chloride solution with an osmotic pressure similar to human body fluids. Through physical flushing and osmotic regulation, it achieves nasal cleaning, inflammation relief, and mucosal protection.
Five Core Functions of Nasal Irrigation with Saline Solution
Deep Cleaning and Foreign Matter Removal
Saline solution effectively dissolves dried crusts, purulent secretions, and allergens (such as pollen and dust mites) in the nasal cavity. The water flow flushes out pathogens (bacteria, viruses) and pollutants (PM2.5 particles). Studies show that daily saline irrigation can reduce the concentration of allergens in the nasal cavity of patients with allergic rhinitis by more than 60%, significantly relieving symptoms such as sneezing and runny nose.
Inflammation Relief and Mucosal Repair
For patients with chronic rhinitis and sinusitis, saline solution reduces mucosal swelling by diluting inflammatory mediators (such as histamine and leukotrienes) and promotes the recovery of ciliary movement. Clinical observations have shown that for sinusitis patients, nasal irrigation with saline solution shortens the time to improvement of symptoms such as headache and facial pressure by 30%, and reduces antibiotic usage by 40%.
Prevention of Respiratory Infections
Regular irrigation can reduce viral load in the nasal cavity and enhance mucosal barrier function. During flu season, those who irrigate daily have a 35% lower incidence of colds and a 1-2 day shorter illness duration compared to those who do not irrigate. For immunocompromised individuals (such as diabetic patients), this method can be used as an adjunct preventative measure.
Postoperative Care and Wound Healing
After endoscopic nasal surgery, saline irrigation can remove blood clots and secretions, preventing sinus adhesions. Studies indicate that those who consistently irrigate postoperatively experience a 50% shorter recovery time for nasal ventilation and a 25% lower recurrence rate.
Adaptation to Special Environments
For those who are in dry environments (such as air-conditioned rooms or high-altitude areas) or exposed to irritating gases (such as formaldehyde or car exhaust), irrigation can maintain nasal moisture and reduce the risk of nosebleeds. In patients with dry rhinitis, the Vascular Atrophy Score (VAS) decreased from 7.2 to 3.1 after use.
Scientific Operating Procedures and Precautions
Solution Selection and Preparation
Prioritize the use of sterile medical saline (0.9% sodium chloride injection) or dedicated nasal irrigation saline (containing sodium bicarbonate to adjust pH).
When preparing the solution yourself, strictly adhere to the following ratio: 100ml warm water to 0.9g non-iodized salt. Avoid using tap water (containing chlorine and microorganisms) or iodized salt (irritating to the mucous membranes).
Water Temperature and Equipment Control
The water temperature should be close to body temperature (35-37℃). Excessive cold can cause vasoconstriction leading to headaches, while excessive heat can damage the mucous membranes.
When using a dedicated nasal irrigator (such as a squeeze bottle or electric spray type), the pressure should be controlled at 40-60cmH₂O to prevent excessive pressure from causing saline to enter the Eustachian tube.
Operating Posture and Frequency
Adopt a "head tilted forward 30 degrees" posture, allowing the saline to flow in from one nostril and out from the other, avoiding choking. Rinse 1-2 times daily. Excessive rinsing may disrupt the normal balance of nasal flora, leading to dysbiosis.
Contraindications and Special Circumstances
Patients within 2 weeks of nasal surgery, those with nasal deformities (such as deviated septum), or those with acute otitis media should use this product as directed by their doctor.
Those with low blood pressure should remain seated during rinsing to avoid orthostatic hypotension. Children should operate under adult supervision to prevent aspiration.
Potential Risks and Management Strategies
Nasal Irritation and Damage
Initial use may cause temporary stinging or ear pressure, usually related to excessively low water temperature or pressure. Symptoms usually subside after adjusting parameters.
Prolonged rinsing with high-concentration saline solutions (e.g., 3% or higher) may lead to dryness of the mucous membranes; isotonic solutions are recommended.
Infection Risk Prevention
The nasal irrigator should be disinfected daily (by boiling or wiping with 75% alcohol) to avoid cross-infection.
Discontinue use if there are nasal ulcers or breaks in the skin; resume rinsing only after healing.
Allergic Reaction Management
A very small number of people may be allergic to additives (such as preservatives) in saline solution. If symptoms such as rash or itching occur, discontinue use immediately and choose an additive-free product.
Nasal irrigation with saline solution is a safe and economical method of nasal care, and its effectiveness has been confirmed by numerous clinical studies. When performed correctly, it can significantly improve nasal health and reduce the risk of respiratory diseases. However, individual differences (such as mucosal sensitivity and disease stage) must be considered. It is recommended to consult an ENT specialist before first use to develop a personalized treatment plan. For those with chronic nasal discomfort, irrigation can be used as an adjunct measure, but it cannot replace medication or professional medical intervention.
